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1870 — Silas Garber, former captain in the United States Army, and four other men file homestead claims near a site that would soon become the town of Red Cloud, Nebraska. (Hefflebauer (qtd. in Dunbier 104)) 1871 — In Silas Garber’s dugout, Webster County and the town of Red Cloud are officially organized. 1872 — Charles Cather and Mary Virginia Boak marry on December 5 at the home of the bride’s mother, Rachel Boak, in Virginia. (Woodress 18). 1873 — Charles Cather’s brother George and his wife Frances A. (Smith) Cather (the eventual uncle and aunt of Willa Cather) stake a homestead on the Divide, a broad stretch of land between the Little Blue and Republican rivers in south central Nebraska sixteen miles northwest of Red Cloud. (Bennett 12-13). Charles and Mary Virginia give birth to their first child December 7. Willa Cather is born in Back Creek Valley, Virginia, and baptized “Wilella” after an aunt on her father’s side of the family. She will change her birth year to 1876 and her name to “Willa” later. She will also later change her middle name from Love to Sibert, the maiden name of her grandmother Boak. (OB 13). Silas Garber is elected governor of Nebraska. 1874 — Willa Cather and her parents move into the home of her paternal grandparents, William and Caroline Cather. The house, called Willow Shade, is located in an area near Back Creek, Virginia. Also joining the Cathers at Willow Shade is Willa’s maternal grandmother Rachel Boak. Charles begins raising sheep. (LIB 1299) 1877 — William and Caroline Cather follow the lead of George and Frances Cather by moving to Webster County, Nebraska, not far from Red Cloud. (Bennett 9-10). 1877 —Willa Cather’s oldest brother Roscoe Cather is born. 1879 — Railroad begins operating in Red Cloud. 1880 — Willa Cather’s second oldest brother Douglass Cather is born. 1881 — Willa Cather’s oldest sister Jessica Cather is born. Webster County is gripped by a severe blizzard that begins in winter 1880. Francis Sadilek, the father of Annie Sadilek, commits suicide and is buried near a crossroads. Cather, on whom almost nothing was lost, will later use this event in one of her most famous novels, My Ántonia. 1882 — Red Cloud becomes a division point for the Burlington and Missouri Railroad. 1883 — A fire destroys Charles Cather’s sheep barn. Willa (now nine years old) travels by train with the rest of the family to Red Cloud. Also accompanying the family are Rachel Boak, the hired girl Marjorie (Margie) Anderson, and Willa’s cousins Bess Seymour and Will Andrews. After arriving at the Red Cloud train depot, the Cathers drive sixteen miles by team and wagon to the precinct of Catherton. They settle at the homestead of William and Caroline (Bennett 1-2; LIB 1299). Although this depot no longer stands in Red Cloud, the town’s third train depot, built in 1897 and visited by Cather on return trips, is now a nationally designated historic site. Winter 1883 – 1884 — Willa Cather attends a one-room schoolhouse in the Catherton precinct of Webster County. She picks up a less formal education by meeting many immigrants in the region and listening to their stories. 1884 — Willa Cather and her family move into town. Red Cloud’s population at the time is 2,500. Charles Cather opens an office selling farm loans and insurance downtown and rents a story-and-a-half frame house on 3rd street and Cedar street. Built around 1879, the house is five years old. The Cathers rent this house for the next twenty years (Bennett 19). Cather meets William Ducker, an Englishman who teaches her to read Greek and Latin, and the Wieners, a Jewish couple from Europe who allow her to borrow books from their personal library. Mrs. Wiener introduces Cather to French and German by reading to her in those languages. Cather also befriends the Miner family, who would eventually serve as the models for the Harling family of My Ántonia. 1885 — The Red Cloud Opera House is built on the second floor above the town’s hardware store. Cather begins attending performances. (Bennett 95). The population of Red Cloud is now 2,219. 1888 — Having made up her mind to become a surgeon (an occupation considered at the time to be exclusively for males), Cather crops her hair short, dresses in the male fashion, and refers to herself as “Wm. Cather, M.D.” and “William Cather, Jr.” (LIB 1300; Woodress, 55). Cather also experiments with dissection and vivisection. At the Opera House, she and the Miner girls perform “Beauty and the Beast” to help the victims of the 1888 blizzard. Donning suit, top hat, and wax mustache, Cather plays Beauty’s (Margie Miner’s) merchant father. Cather also rides with area doctors on house calls and helps them in their duties when she can. Cather’s brother James Cather is born. Silas Garber begins erecting the Farmers’ and Merchants’ Bank in downtown Red Cloud. 1889 — Construction of the Farmers’ and Merchants’ Bank is completed. It will close just four years later, a victim of the Great Panic of 1893. 1890 — Willa Cather graduates from Red Cloud High School in June and delivers a graduation oration in the Red Cloud Opera House. One of only three members in her class, Cather is the only student not proclaimed as being bound for lofty things by the local newspaper. Only sixteen years old, Cather enrolls at the University of Nebraska’s preparatory school in order to enroll in the 4-year college. Cather’s sister Elsie Cather is born. 1891 — Now a freshman at the University of Nebraska, Cather writes an essay about Thomas Carlyle. It is published without her knowledge in the Nebraska State Journal in March. It is this event—seeing her name in print for the first time—that Cather later credits as the reason she wanted to be a writer. Cather befriends Louise Pound, Mariel Gere, and Dorothy Canfield. 1892 — Willa Cather becomes literary editor of the Hesperian, student publication of the University of Nebraska. She holds this position until1893. (Bennett 189). Cather publishes a short story for the first time when “Peter” is printed in The Mahogany Tree, a Boston weekly (LIB 1301). In the summer Cather visits Red Cloud. Annie Sadilek, the prototype for Cather’s novel My Ántonia (1918), having recently returned to her mother’s dugout in Webster County after being lured west by James William Murphy, has her first child and baptizes her Lucille at the St. Juliana Falconeri Catholic Church in Red Cloud. Cather’s youngest sibling, John (Jack) Cather is born. 1893 — Cather’s grandmother Rachel Boak dies. 1893-1894 — Cather serves as managing editor of the Hesperian. 1893 — Cather manages the 1895 University of Nebraska yearbook for her graduating class and is now working as a reporter for the Nebraska State Journal. Her first regular column appears under the head “One Way of Putting It.” (Bennett 182). Silas Garber’s Farmers and Merchants Bank closes in Red Cloud 1895 — Cather graduates from the University of Nebraska and joins the staff of the Courier (Bennett 187). While still working for the Nebraska State Journal, she sees, and then meets, Stephen Crane. Cather travels to Chicago to see the Metropolitan Opera on tour. 1896 — Cather’s cousin Retta Ayres marries Charles (“Hugh”) Miner, making her a “shirttail relative” of her close friends, Carrie and Irene Miner, two of Charles’s four sisters. (Bennett 35-36; I assume he’s “Charles). After a brief, somewhat depressing stay in Red Cloud, Cather accepts a job in Pittsburgh as the editor of the Home Monthly. (Bennett 179). She begins work in July and will continue working until 1897. Her first short story to be published in a national magazine, “One the Divide,” appears in Overland Monthly. Annie Sadilek marries John Pavelka at St. Juliana Falconeri Catholic Church. 1898 —Cather begins working at the Pittsburgh Daily Leader. (Bennett 192). Cather visits Red Cloud. 1899 — Cather meets Isabelle McClung, with whom she develops a deeply emotional relationship. Cather visits Red Cloud. 1901 — Cather takes a job teaching high school students in Pittsburgh and moves in with Isabelle McClung at the home of McClung’s parents (LIB 1305). Cather will continue teaching high school until 1906. 1902 — Cather and McClung travel abroad for the first time. They visit England and France (Bennett 123) and are met by Dorothy Canfield, Cather’s friend from the University of Nebraska. Together, they visit A. E. Housman in England. (Bennett 124). 1903 — Cather’s first book, a collection of poems titled April Twilights is published. Cather meets lifelong companion Edith Lewis. 1905 — Cather’s first collection of short stories, The Troll Garden, is published by S. S. McClure. 1906 — Cather accepts a job at McClure’s in New York,one of the United States’s most successful and popular literary magazines and muckraking journals (Bennett 195). 1907 — The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science is published after being comprehensively rewritten by Cather as one of her assignments for McClure’s. 1908 — Cather meets Sarah Orne Jewett and Annie Fields. From 1908 until1912, Cather oversees McClure’s as its managing editor. 1909 — Cather rejects poems submitted by Zoë Akins, but the two women cultivate a friendship anyway. Cather meets William Archer, H. G. Wells, and Ford Maddox Ford (LIB 1307). Cather visits Red Cloud. 1910 — Willa Cather meets Elizabeth Sergeant, soon to be another close friend (LIB 1307). 1912 — Cather’s first novel, Alexander’s Bridge, appears in McClure’s as Alexander’s Masquerade. Cather tours the Southwest for the first time while visiting her brother Douglass in Winslow, Arizona. She and Edith Lewis rent an apartment on Bank Street in Greenwich Village. They will live there together until 1927 (Brown 179). Cather visits Red Cloud. 1913 — Cather’s first “Nebraska novel,” O Pioneers!, appears in print. Cather agrees to write S. S. McClure’s autobiography. When finished, My Autobiography runs under McClure’s name only andwithout credit to Cather. 1914 — During an interview, Cather befriends opera singer Olive Fremstad, who is said to be the model for the character Thea Kronborg in her next novel, The Song of the Lark. Cather visits Nebraska. (LIB 1309). 1915 — Cather publishes The Song of the Lark. Cather visits Mesa Verde for the first time. She is accompanied by Edith Lewis. 1916 — Cather travels to Red Cloud while en route to see Roscoe Cather in Wyoming. While there, she decides to write a novel based on the life of friend Anna Pavelka and soon begins work on My Ántonia. 1917 — Cather returns to the University of Nebraska to receive her first honorary degree, a doctorate of letters. (LIB 1309). 1918 — Cather publishes My Ántonia. Cather visits Red Cloud. 1919 — Red Cloud closes its Opera House. (It would not reopen until after the Cather Foundation begins its restoration efforts beginning in 1991.) 1920 — Cather travels to France. While there, she visits the grave of her cousin, G. P. Cather, whose death in World War I and letters written home inspired Cather to begin the novel Claude, later to be renamed One of Ours. (LIB 1310-1311). In September, Cather signs with a new publisher, Alfred Knopf, who publishes Youth and the Bright Medusa. 1921 — In Bladen, Nebraska, citizens host a ceremonial parade and funeral upon the return of G. P. Cather’s body. Newspapers declare G. P. the first Nebraska officer and the first person from Webster County to die in World War I. Cather visits Red Cloud and also Lincoln. 1922 — Cather teaches at the Bread Loaf School (Middlebury College, Vermont). One of Ours is published in September. In December, Cather returns to Red Cloud and she and her parents are confirmed in Grace Episcopal Church by the Bishop Dr. George Beecher. She had been raised a Baptist. (Bennett 137 and LIB 1311). 1923 — A new edition of April Twilights and Other Poems is released. A Lost Lady, a novel based in part on events in the lives of Silas Garber and his wife Lyra Garber, receives serial publication in Century at about the same time. In May, Cather receives the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours. Cather stays six months in Europe with 1924 — Cather meets D. H. Lawrence. She receives an honorary degree from the University of Michigan. Marjorie (Margie) Anderson, the Cather’s hired girl from Virginia, dies. 1925 — The first film version of A Lost Lady premiers in Red Cloud. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0015083/ (Bennett 75). Cather meets Robert Frost at his birthday party in March. The Professor’s House is published in serial form in Collier’s and in book form by Knopf. F. Scott Fitzgerald writers Cather to explain that it is only a coincidence that passages in his book The Great Gatsby closely resemble a passage in Cather’s A Lost Lady. Cather has a house built for she and Edith Lewis on Grand Manan Island off the coast of Maine. 1926 — My Mortal Enemy is published. Cather visits Red Cloud to see her sick mother. 1927 — Death Comes for the Archbishop is published in The Forum and by Knopf. 1928 — Cather’s father, Charles Cather, dies, prompting Cather to return to Red Cloud. Cather’s mother, Jennie, suffers a stroke. Cather accepts an honorary degree from Columbia. 1929 — Cather is elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Yale awards her an honorary degree. 1930 — The American Academy of Arts and Letters awards Cather the Howells Medal for Fiction for Death Comes for the Archbishop. Cather meets Moshe and Marutha Menuhin, parents of a young prodigy violinist Yehudi Menuhin (IMDB). 1931 —Cather accepts honorary degrees from the University of California at Berkley and Princeton. She is the first woman to receive such a degree from Princeton. Cather’s mother, Mary Virginia Cather dies in California. Cather visits Red Cloud for the last time to attend a family reunion. (Bennet 147). Shadows on the Rock is published. 1932 — Cather publishes Obscure Destinies, her last collection of short stories. Of the three stories printed in Obscure Destinies, the first, “Old Mrs. Harris,” is based on the lives and personalities of her, her mother, and her Grandmother Boak. The likely model for “Neighbour Rosicky” is John Pavelka. 1933 — Cather is awarded the Prix Fémina Américain for Shadows on the Rock. She accepts an honorary degree from Smith College. 1934 — Upset by a new film version of A Lost Lady, Cather vows not to allow any more adaptations of her works. She later stipulates this in her will. 1935 — In the midst of the Great Depression, Cather, who is used to helping her friends in Nebraska in times of need, sends $50 to Annie Sadilek Pavelka to be used for a gift. Annie uses the money to pay for taxes on her farm instead. Lucy Gayheart is serialized in Women’s Home Companion and published by Knopf. 1936 — Knopf publishes Cather’s only book of essays, Not Under Forty. In the book’s introduction, Cather states that for her, “the world broke in two in 1922 or thereabouts” (LIB 1316). 1938 — Cather is elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. (Bennett 202). Isabelle McClung dies. Cather comments that all her books had been written for Isabelle (Woodress 139). Getting ready to write a novel about Virginia (Sapphira and the Slave Girl), Cather revisits that state with Edith Lewis. Douglass Cather dies. 1940 — Cather publishes Sapphira and the Slave Girl, her last complete novel. Cather meets and befriends Sigrid Undset, Norwegian novelist. 1942 — Cather meets Truman Capote, eighteen years old and working for The New Yorker. 1944 — Cather receives a Gold Medal from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. (Bennett 202). 1945 — Cather’s brother Roscoe Cather dies. 24 April 1947 — Cather dies from a cerebral hemorrhage in New York City and is buried four days later in Jaffrey, New Hampshire. 1948 — Knopf releases The Old Beauty and Others.
Bibliography Bennett, Mildred R. The World of Willa Cather. 1951. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1995. Capote, Truman. “Willa, Truman. Truman, Willa.” Vanity Fair Nov. 2006: 236 – 238. Nebraska Department of Education. “Willa Siebert Cather” 20 Dec 2006 <http://www.nde.state.ne.us/SS/notables/cather.html> O’Brien, Sharon. Chronology. Early Novels and Stories : The Troll Garden, O Pioneers! the Song of the Lark, My Antonia, One of Ours. By Willa Cather. Ed. Sharon O’Brien. New York: Literary Classics of the U.S., 1987. Turner, Barry. Simply My Ántonia. Barry Turner, M.D., 1997. Woodress, James. Willa Cather: Her Life and Art. Lincoln, U of Nebraska P, 1970. Other Sources: Dorothy Mattison
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